Стаття

Методологічні підходи до оцінки впливу загроз на екологічну безпеку

Наталія Максюта, Ірина Левченко, Альона Буряк, Анна Червʼяк
Анотація

Метою цього дослідження було проведення комплексного аналізу методологічних підходів до оцінки впливу антропогенних загроз на екологічну безпеку, зокрема в міських умовах України та Німеччини. Дослідження базувалося на інтеграції кількісних методів, включаючи геоінформаційне моделювання просторового розподілу забруднюючих речовин та статистичний аналіз довгострокових даних, з якісними підходами, такими як SWOT-аналіз систем екологічного менеджменту та експертні оцінки. Результати виявили критичні відмінності між досліджуваними регіонами: у Полтаві (Україна) було зафіксовано стабільно високий рівень забруднення повітря (тверді частинки (PM)2,5  – 45  мкг/м3, NO2 – 50  мкг/м3), що значно перевищує як показники Лейпцига (Німеччина) (відповідно 18  мкг/м3 і 25  мкг/м3), так і європейські стандарти. Особливо гострою була ситуація в Кривому Розі, де 40 % території міста показало ознаки деградації ґрунтів, а концентрація важких металів у водних ресурсах перевищувала допустимі рівні у два-три рази. У дослідженні також було кількісно оцінено соціально-економічні наслідки екологічних проблем; зокрема, щорічні збитки в Полтаві від лікування респіраторних захворювань оцінюються в 2-3  млн доларів США. Отримані дані підтвердили ефективність комплексного підходу до управління екологічними ризиками, який враховує як технічні аспекти моніторингу, так і соціальні фактори. Висновки дослідження підкреслили необхідність розробки стандартизованих показників екологічної безпеки, впровадження сучасних систем моніторингу в режимі реального часу в широкому масштабі та посилення міжнародного співробітництва з метою адаптації європейського досвіду до умов українських міст

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Отримано 10.04.2025

Доопрацьовано 30.10.2025

Прийнято 10.12.2025

https://doi.org/10.63341/esbur/2.2025.82
Сторінки 82-96

ЦИТУВАТИ

Maksiuta, N., Levchenko, I., Buriak, A., & Cherviak, A. (2025). Methodological approaches to assessing the impact of threats on environmental safety. Ecological Safety and Balanced Use of Resources, 16(2), 82-96. https://doi.org/10.63341/esbur/2.2025.82

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