The article provides a literature review of the disposal methods of oil-containing waste formed as a result of technological processes of oil extraction and treatment, emergency spills of hydrocarbons, etc. The long-term storage of waste in places of its extraction can result in petroleum products entering the soil and underground water. The main directions and trends in modern methods of oil sludge disposal have been established, namely: physical (separation in the centrifugal force field), physico-chemical (mechanical separation and reagent treatment of waste), thermal (incineration, low-temperature pyrolysis), biothermal (decomposition of oil sludge under the influence of special microorganisms). The decisive factors that will determine the direction of neutralization and disposal of oil sludge are their composition and physical and chemical properties. The most economically beneficial is the processing of so-called “light” oil sludge floating on the surface of water. The main problems during processing of oilcontaining waste have been identified (heterogeneity of the qualitative and quantitative composition of waste in the places of its storage). The potential negative impact of hydrocarbons in case they get into the components of the environment has been estimated. Sampling and determination of physico-chemical properties of oil-containing waste (density, content of mechanical impurities, water) have been carried out. A basic technological scheme for neutralization of oil sludges has been proposed depending on their physical and chemical properties. The proposed technological scheme helps to rationally choose a disposal method and effectively neutralize hazardous waste with the production of commercial products (oil, pyrolysis oil, semi-coke) and a non-toxic soil mixture. The ways of further use of the obtained substances have been proposed