The article is devoted to the definition and research of environmental and economic criteria for the assessment of energy carriers used for the buildings heating. The criteria for the comparison are based on the amount of heat and the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. Various options for the use of energy carriers and corresponding design schemes of heating systems, the most often used in residential buildings, are considered. Calculations of the cost of thermal energy received for heating the building using common types of fuel (coal, firewood, pellets), electricity, and centralized heat supply were made. Also, a comparative assessment of the specific emissions of pollutants for boilers operating on natural gas, hard coal, firewood, and pellets was carried out based on the averaged indicators. It has been established that the minimum cost of a unit of heat is achieved when burning pellets, firewood, but the use of such energy sources leads to additional labor costs, and the most comfortable and least time-consuming is the use of central heating services, a gas or electric boiler with a water heating system. It was determined that considering the impact on the environment at the heated object location, the most safe are a boiler running on natural gas, a centralized heat supply, an electric boiler. Ways to reduce the cost of a thermal energy unit supplied to the building are proposed by using heat pumps. An assessment of the cost of thermal energy supplied to the building using a heat pump was carried out, which showed a significant reduction in the cost of thermal energy supplied to the building in the case of using a heat pump in various variants of the design features of the heating system considering climate conditions compared to options without the use of a heat pump
Received 11.07.2022
Revised 07.11.2022
Accepted 28.11.2022
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