The emergence of new and densification of existing urban spaces in Lviv leads to anthropogenic transformation of the hydrographic network. The purpose of the study was to analyse the degree of transformation of water objects in the northern part of the city based on cartographic sources. The study covered the northern part of Lviv, the town of Dublyany, the villages of Malekhiv, Velyki Hrybovychi, Zbyranka and Murovane. The study of water bodies was carried out with topographic maps of the scale range from 1:25,000 to 1:100,000, which made it possible to cover a time period of more than 240 years. Clear trends to decrease the length of open channels, the number of tributaries and the water content of the Holoskivskyy, Zboivskyy and Malekhivskyy streams, which is due to both natural and anthropogenic factors had been marked. The length of the natural channel of the Holoskivskyy stream decreased from 4.7 to 0.9 km, the Zboivskyy stream ‒ from 5.2 to 3.2 km, and the Malekhivskyy stream ‒ from 7.9 to 5.3 km. The largest number of ponds (15 units; 10.3 hectares) on streams was found in the second half of the 18th century. Subsequently, a decrease in both the number and area of ponds was observed. The lowest figures fall on the interwar Polish period, when only four ponds with a total area of 2.5 hectares were recorded. During the Soviet period, the number and area of ponds increased slightly (9 units; 4.6 hectares) and reached the level that existed in the second half of the 19th century. There were 14 water mills operating on most of the ponds of that time located in the villages of Holosko Velyke, Zamarstyniv, Zboyishcha and Malekhiv. After that, the number of mills steadily decreased: at the beginning of the 19th century ‒ nine; in the second half of the 19th century ‒ seven; in the interwar period – five. After the World War II, the operation of all water mills was stopped. The conducted analysis of the degree of transformation of the hydrographic network is aimed at correcting the development plan of the northern part of the city and implementing the environmental management system
Received 23.07.2024
Revised 01.11.2024
Accepted 02.12.2024
[1] Andreev, V., Hapich, H., & Kovalenko, V. (2021). Impact of economic activity on geoecological transformation of the basin of the Zhovtenka River (Ukraine). Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 30(1), 3-12. doi: 10.15421/112101.
[2] Arcanium maps. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://mapire.eu.
[3] Bayrak, G. (2016). Watercourse network of Lviv: Changes over the historical period and the current state. Visnyk of the Lviv University, Series Geography, 50, 3-21.
[4] Çadraku, H.S. (2022). Analyzing morphometric parameters and designing of thematic maps using raster geoprocessing tool. Civil Engineering Journal, 8(9), 1835-1845. doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-06.
[5] Carraro, L., Bertuzzo, E., Fronhofer, E.A., Furrer, R., Gounand, I., Rinaldo, A., & Altermatt, F. (2020). Generation and application of river network analogues for use in ecology and evolution. Ecology and Evolution, 10(14), 7537-7550. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6479.
[6] Geoportal of Lviv. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://map.city-adm.lviv.ua/.
[7] Google Maps. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.google.com/maps.
[8] Horton, R. (1945). Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins. GSA Bulletin, 56(3), 275-370. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[275:EDOSAT]2.0.CO;2.
[9] Ivanov, E. (2018). The preconditions of modern landscapes forming between Western Bug, Rata and Solokia rivers (part 1). Problems of Geomorphology and Paleogeography of the Ukrainian Carpathians and Adjacent Territories, 8(1), 171-184. doi: 10.30970/gpc.2018.08.2025.
[10] Ivanov, E. (2019). The preconditions of modern landscapes forming between Western Bug, Rata and Solokia rivers (part 2). Problems of Geomorphology and Paleogeography of the Ukrainian Carpathians and Adjacent Territories, 9(1), 49-61. doi: 10.30970/gpc.2019.1.2801.
[11] Karelin, O. (2021). Poltva ‒ a river imprisoned by Lviv: Local history essays. Lviv: Kameniar.
[12] Khilchevskyi, V., Zabokrytska, M., & Sherstyuk, N. (2018). Hydrography and hydrochemistry of the transboundary river Western Bug on the territory of Ukraine. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 27(2), 232-243. doi: 10.15421/111848.
[13] Khomiak, I., Kozyn, M., Kotsiuba, I., Vasylenko, O., & Vlasenko, R. (2022). Substantiation of the need to protect the sources of small rivers on the example of the Slovenian-Ovruch ridge. Ecological Sciences, 1(40), 28-32. doi: 10.32846/2306-9716/2022.eco.1-40.5.
[14] Kovalchuk, A., Kovalchuk, I., Mykhnovych, A., Pylypovych, O., & Zhdaniuk, B. (2020). Complex investigations of the state, functioning and transformation processes development in the river basin systems. In Conference proceedings, international conference of young professionals “GeoTerrace-2020” (pp. 1-5). Lviv: European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers. doi: 10.3997/2214-4609.20205727.
[15] Kurhanevych, L., & Shipka, M. (2020). Geoecological state of the floodplain and channel complex of the Poltva River basin (Vistula River basin region). Hydrology, Hydrochemistry and Hydroecology, 1(56), 64-70. doi: 10.17721/2306-5680.2020.1.7.
[16] Lomnicki, A.M. (1899). Geological atlas of Galicia. Vienna: Imperial and Royal Institute of Military Geography.
[17] Military Geographical Institute map archive 1919-1939. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.mapywig.org.
[18] Pylypovych, O., & Ternovetska, Kh. (2023). Geo-ecological analysis of the Zubra River within the city of Lviv. In Geographical aspects of the spatial organisation of the territory, society and balanced nature management: Materials of the IV scientific and practical conference of students, postgraduates and young scientists (pp. 48-52). Uzhhorod: Uzhhorod National University.
[19] Răducă, C., Boengiu, S., Mititelu-Iounuș, O., & Enache, C. (2021). Correlation of the relief conditions, hydrographic network features, and human interventions within the Blahnita River basin (Southwestern Romania). Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 16(1), 117-127. doi: 10.26471/cjees/2021/016/160.
[20] Sarnavskyi, S., Yermakov, V., & Fedii, O. (2020). Transformation of the river network within the Khorol and Govtva rivers basins. In Educational and scientific dimensions of geography and tourism: Materials of the all-Ukrainian scientific and practical Internet conference for students, postgraduates, young scientists (pp. 26-30). Poltava: V.G. Korolenko Poltava National Pedagogical University.
[21] Selehieiev, A., Ovcharuk, V., & Hryb, O. (2023). Study of the influence of the scale of topographic maps on the values of hydrological characteristics of the river network using GIS technologies. Geodesy, Cartography and Aerial Photography, 97, 32-45. doi: 10.23939/istcgcap2023.97.032.
[22] Sossa, R. (2020). Mapping of Lviv in the soviet-period. Geodesy, Cartography and Aerial Photography, 91, 59-69. doi: 10.23939/istcgcap2020.91.059.
[23] Topographic maps of Ukraine, Russia, Belarus. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://maps.vlasenko.net.
[24] Tsaryk, L., Kovalchuk, I., Tsaryk, P., Zhdaniuk, B., & Kuzyk, I. (2020). Basin systems of small rivers of Western Podillya: State, change tendencies, perspectives of nature management and nature protection optimization. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology, 29(3), 606-620. doi: 10.15421/112055.
[25] Water Code of Ukraine. (1995, June). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/213/95-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text.
[26] Witkowski, K., & Witkowski, M. (2018). The impact of watermills on changes in the hydrographic network in the Carpathian foothills in Poland. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 13(2), 605-611. doi: 10.26471/cjees/2018/013/051.